6) The Creation of
Electromagnetic Wave Energies in nature,
(Re-organized
and partially rewritten Dec 2008).
In 1990 the American National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) launched the Hubble Space
Telescope (HST) into space. One of the essential projects was to observe and measure the rate of Expansion of the Universe. After 8 years of work by the HST Key Project Team the
task was achieved. The observed result was announced in early Spring of 1998. The announcement declared that the universe is not just expanding, it is, in fact, expanding with
increasing speed. This conclusion was confirmed in 2001 by another team of scientists from the European Southern Observatories (ESO) group using various ground based telescopes....
This combined discovery has been a total surprise for physicists and cosmologists, because if the universe had been started by Big Bang, then after the Big Bang and Inflation the
gravitation of masses in the universe should have slowed down the rate of universal expansion and continued to slow it down. So what is the unknown energy that causes the speeding
up of the expansion instead, and where could it have come from? In the following passages I shall try to discuss
this concern in much details.
(But before I begin, I must ask readers to excuse me for the unorganized manner
this page was previously presented, due to unavoidable health problems I have
now barely found my way back to come and tidy it up
yet. )
In the observed universal expansion, all galaxies are moving away relatively from each
other. A good metaphor for illustration is the baking of a cake with raisins in it. As the yeast causes the cake to rise and expand, the raisins in the cake, like
the galaxies in space, would expand relatively away from each other. As the cosmos consists of either galaxies or free space only, and since space cannot generate energies to
shift the entire universe, it can only happen if the galaxies are being accelerated or pushed to expand by forces emitting between each individual galaxy.
Now, what kind of force could the galaxies possibly emit that would constitute a pressure or a push
between them? And what kind of force can transmit energy over such long distance? Now, we have seen that Sun's radiation can push a comet's tail to travel in the
direction of solar radiation, even to go ahead of the heavier comet body. There is
a type of force that can travel long distance through cosmic realm. It is the family of
transmissible forces in waveforms, as only energies in waves can propagate
continuously and transmit energy with it.
At
one time it was thought that there must be an invisible media or body of
something in space to transmit energy, because if there is nothing ahead in the
direction of force, then there is nothing to push or transmit energy. They
called this something ether or æther, but soon it was found that energies
delivered in the form of waves, it can do the job, as the energy is retained in
the form or body of each wave, and the back wave can push or deliver its energy
to the front wave, since energy is given as a waveform, which rises from a
minimum to a peak in repetitions, and since there is no other forces around to
break the waveform. So the waves act like consecutive waves of pressure. The family
members of wave energies include heat wave, sound wave, tidal wave and other
energy waves, as well as electromagnetic radiation waves and gravitational
waves..
We
are however only interested the large spectrum of electromagnetic radiations,
as we are in daily contact with these waves, such as radio or TV signals, infra-red, visible light waves, ultra
violet, x-ray, gamma ray and more. Gravitation is also a force in waves, and together with electromagnetic waves, they
cause all the large cosmological movements and form cosmological structures. So,
forces in waveforms can travel through space and transmit energy, without them matters would have to be in some form of direct bodily contact in order to
transmit energy between them... The big question is how does waveform come into being? There must be somewhere in nature some kind of mechanisms that turn energies into a continuous
spectrum of waveforms or wavelengths and frequencies in progressive propagation. These are the main concern and discussions of this page...
Let's begin with the following question. We all know that colossal amounts of mass are being spiraled
towards the center of the galaxy with increasing speed. But where do all those big stuffs go, stuffs like the suns, the planets and more? What is going to happen to them? Of
course, this applies to every single galaxy. So, would these colossal amounts of cosmological bodies disappear when they reach the central region of the galaxy? .......
On the left : Where do all those big stuffs go?
The followings will explain in steps how they are all crushed and milled down into primordial plasma of elementary mass and energy, then there
would come a time when colossal nuclear energies would be released from their atomic bondages (The Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces). Finally everything will be converted
by the extremes of energy and temperature into pure
energy flux, which is then pulsed into waves as they go pass the angular divisions of a mighty force field
symmetry formed at the galaxy.
There has to be
a force symmetry in the system, otherwise the galaxy would break to pieces and
disappear. The unbelievable increase of
pressure at the
central region of the galaxy would then force the waves out of the galaxy into space.
This can only take place at both sides of the galactic axis, because the plane
of galactic disc is occupied by the induced electric and magnetic components at
90° apart and the axis is the place of least resistance. This is how
electromagnetic waves are always observed in nature, i.e. electric and magnetic
components are at 90° to each other, and together they move and propagate as
waves in the direction
perpendicular to both components. This is in fact a 3-imensional transmission,
but since space itself is 3-dimensional, so space can accommodate such
transmissions. This 3-dimensional wave transmission will retain such
formation and permeate the entire cosmic space The nature of
electromagnetic wave transmission is such that passing waves can interfere
each other, and when that happens their waveforms can readily change to merge or
absorb each other's energy, or cancel each other as long as their frequencies are the same. It is the phenomenon of mutual
interferences between waves.
However, there are two
scenarios that could illustrate how electromagnetic waves may have been created
and emitted by the galaxies. Firstly, as the galactic masses, stars and planets,
etc., are pulled by gravitation, momentum and a drag caused by emission of
energy at the center of galactic, they move with acceleration towards the inner
central region. At some point of this region the traffic jam occurs and they
begin to collide into each other and explode. Such collisions, explosions and
grinding motions are continuous because more and more masses are coming into the
region. So there must be a built up of extremely violent energy, pressure and
temperature that nowhere else in the universe can experience. Even if two or
more starry object collide there is no comparison with such non-stop collisions. In such a scenario, no mass
particles can possibly remain intact, and must be converted into pure energy.
This means that since there is no mass in the central region, there is no
gravitation, and therefore there cam be no Black Hole at any galaxy, and since
there is no mass particles to reflect light, the very central region would
appear to be black. It also
means that due to the extremes of conditions electromagnetic radiations emitting out of this region are of
energies with frequencies in the order of unknown extremes. Also according to
quantum mechanics, the energy states or levels are so extreme that there is no
comparison elsewhere. So naturally no earthly, nor human experiments, nor measurements can
hope to verify it. In short, these electromagnetic radiations are the strongest
in the universe. Because it is different and extreme, it will need a new name.
So let's call it the Extreme Galactic
Rays.
The
second scenario is the normal scenario, which occurs before the stars and
planets get into the traffic congestion. So if they do not collide, especially
not colliding in continuous repetitions, then their energy states are normal,
and whatever radiations they emit would belong to the normal range of wavelength
and frequencies that humans already know and experience on daily bases. This is
probably the normal electromagnetic spectrum of radiations that we experience up to Gamma rays.
If my above description is true, then it's no wonder that the universe expands
and accelerates, because this special class of radiation energies, i.e., the
Extreme Galactic Rays, have the strength to push or expel the galaxies away from
each other. They also have the strength to cause a resounding vibration of the
Strong Nuclear Force in extreme frequency, which we call gravitational wave.
Perhaps that's why the gravitational wave is weak and has the nature of
attraction but not magnetic, and above all, there is nothing within the mass or
in the atom, neither energy, nor structure, to generate intrinsically such an
important wave that can gravitate and cause vital cosmological movements, and
yet the energy does originate from within the mass (Please read more in page #13)
The nature and origin of gravitation). It also shows why the
strongest radiation we know, i.e., the Gamma Ray cannot influence the Strong
Nuclear Force or any major cosmological events. We cannot physically feel such
energies because we are directly born into that energy environments, which never
change or fluctuate...
In
view of what's going on in the galactic center, every mass in the galaxy, hence
the whole universe, would eventually be converted into energy through the known functions of
galaxy, and these energies are none other than the wave of radiations containing
both electric and magnetic properties. Of course since the universe is in
motion, and in each atom there are electric
charges (Electron and Protons), which induce magnetic moments. It would appear that in the end only electric and magnetic
properties remain indestructible, because not only atoms contain them but what comes out of the furnace of
conversion, i.e. the galactic center, are only electromagnetic radiations in
waves and nothing else. This would appears to indicate that
at the base of all things, and despite the complexity of so many material
elements and energies, as well as never ending evolutions, the universe is
mainly an electromagnetic
universe, and electromagnetic energy starts it all. However, in order to get
around over cosmological distances and to interact so much as well to produce so much evolutions in such a big universe,
energies must be made into waves or quanta in propagation.
In
the above we have talked about the constant speed of light or electromagnetic
radiations, and how their 3-dimensional propagating waves pervade the entire
universe. But more important is how does cosmological energy actually become waves
and acquire a frequency, as well as their natural sinusoidal waveform is the main concern of this
page, because cosmic electromagnetic radiations are observed to be in sinusoidal
wave forms.
Left
Fig: Electromagnetic radiations are observed to be sinusoidal waves, with
electric and magnetic wave components at right angles to each other, and
together they are perpendicular to the direction of propagation. (Courtesy
of Britannica Encyclopedia CD 2004. (c) Copy rights encyclopedia Britannica,
Inc..)
In
modern Quantum Physics energy waves are viewed as particles, or quanta of
energy, or photon waves. In engineering applications, such as electronic circuits,
desired energy frequencies are first created into series of quanta or pulses by
oscillating or vibrating a suitable material, such as a crystal, then by using various other means
and controls to adjust their waveforms.
Such waveforms can have many shapes,
including square shape. Whereas in nature, electromagnetic waves have sinusoidal
waveforms.
Left
fig:- This is a simple Sine Wave. A = Amplitude, l
= Wavelength
So there is a difference after all! The similarity between
electromagnetic quanta engineered by human and cosmic radiation waves formed
naturally in space is that the contents of quanta or waves are both
electromagnetic energies. Energies are not pieces of solid materials, so such contents
may be flexibly merged or "interfered" with (e.g., added, subtracted,
doubled or cancelled) as long as the boundaries
of the quanta and/or waveforms are "in phase". This marks the importance of
frequencies, and allows manmade quanta of
electromagnetic energy to be transmitted with nature's energy waves, and quantum mechanics to be considered
with
cosmological phenomena.
Still, the more important fact is that cosmic radiation
waves exist everywhere in space and they are the medias, which carry and help to transmit
manmade quantum signals to distance space.
Imagine, even tiny power from solar battery panel of a space craft can dispatch
message back to earth all the way from Saturn, billions of miles away. Of course
faint signals received on earth would be amplified, filtered and reproduced into
satisfactory messages and information. The
transmissible wave energies are the inter-galactic life force in the
universe, without the electromagnetic waves the universe would be completely dark, dead and
motionless, and there would be no gravitation too. Therefore, to understand how,
where and why nature's
electromagnetic waves are created and in such strictly orderly waveforms,
frequencies and spectrums, is as important as to understand how the universe
evolves and functions. Of course, such complex and beautiful waveforms and
organized spectrums in regimented propagation are not likely to be the products of a violent explosion, such as the
Big Bang.
We start by taking a look at Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion. Newton's original statements in "Principia" published in 1687stated
the followings:
1) Every particle continues in a state of rest or motion with constant speed in a straight line unless
compelled by a force to change that state.
2) The net unbalanced force producing a change in motion is equal to the product of the mass and the
acceleration of the particle.
3) All forces arise from the mutual interaction of particles and in every such interaction the force exerted
on the one particle by the second is equal and opposite to the force exerted by the second on the first, or as it is usually expressed : Action and Reaction are equal and opposite.
Newton's laws are the fundamentals governing the classic linear motions, which have been essential in all daily applications
for over three centuries.
Newton's laws were published more than 150 years before the discovery of electromagnetic waves and field theory. Therefore what Newtonian laws refer are classic linear inertial
forces without reference to cosmological wave motion. However, no matter in what state a motion
is, i.e. speed or velocity, or how complex a state of force is, the principle that
"Action and reaction of forces are equal and opposite" remains true. It is fundamental to the principle of force
field symmetry, in fact, it is true to all nature's
interactions.... Because action gives reaction, the sun's radiation waves can push a comet's tail to move in the direction of solar radiation. Similarly, cosmic wave energy between
the galaxies can force them to recede from each other.... However, if
Newton was able to read Chinese, he would have found that thousands of years
before him ancient Chinese scientist Fu Xhi had already explained the same
phenomenon described by Newton's Third Law, but had defined "Action and
Reaction" with the term "Ying and Yang"
instead. This point is theoretically important to my cosmological theory,
it is particularly important to me because it's my grand father's work on
ancient Chinese cosmology that had started my interest of cosmology in the first
place. My grand father was the official Officer of Ying and Yang for our
district in the last imperial dynasty...
As energy waves are in fact corporal extensions of packs or quanta of energies in motion and can travel as well as vibrate in 3-dimensional
space, they take up all the spatial realm. So what we generally refer to as empty space is not empty at all. The cosmos is completely pervaded by unrelenting wave energies
propagating and vibrating in all directions and all at the same time. Due
to the similarity in frequencies and similar spectrums of electromagnetic
radiation, wave energies not only can propagate through space, they can also interfere and relay each other, thus
they reach every space inside and outside galaxies, including the space of our solar
system as well as the entire observable cosmic realm.
Now as masses of the galaxy spiral towards the center of galaxy, the distance between them becomes closer, their speeds are accelerated by the
increasing pull of gravitation, momentum and a drag created by emission of
energy into space at the center of galaxy. There comes a time when these masses will crash and be converted into energies due to violent
crashing and continuous grinding action taking place
in the inner region of galaxy. As the colossal energy flux is rushed through the region with
spiraling or angular momentum, it builds up a pressurized region, which automatically aligns into a
dynamic force symmetry. Without a symmetry to sustain dynamic equilibrium in the energy field, the field structure and symmetry would break up and
disappear, and there would be no spiraling galaxies. But as galactic
material continue to spiral inwards and converted into energies, such field symmetry is extremely dynamic. It is dynamic because forces are continuously rushing in, yet it must
maintain equilibrium in the force field, so the structure of field symmetry is constantly being refreshed and
strengthened. Therefore the symmetry would appear like a permanent fixture in
the center of galaxy
The
magnetic force field of a galaxy is created by motion of mass carrying electric charges (Proton and
electron). Electric charge in motion induces magnetic moment at right angles to the charge and magnetic moment responses back by inducing electric charge
again further 90º away.
This causes galaxy to spin in spiral, and the inward spiraling galactic mass would be drawn towards the theoretical center of galaxy, because the gravitation attraction is stronger
on the inward side where the diameter of spiral is smaller and masses are closer to each other. Inward gravitation together with angular momentum
as well as a drag created by the out flow of emission, thus accelerate the inward
angular motion
of galactic masses. Meanwhile, the polarity of both electric charges and magnetic moments will form a
force field. The energy within the field then form a symmetrical structure to keep the field in dynamic balance. More explanation will follow. Now
let
me first describe the force field symmetry in our solar system.
There is
a circular belt of about 9 degrees width
around the earth environment along which solar planets
move, This is the circle of the Ecliptic. But the dynamic force symmetry
generated by circulating planets is called Tropical Zodiac. Every year when the sun
travels to the point of Vernal Equinox on Mach 21st, it is the start of the Spring season, when temperature on earth will change noticeably. Then exactly 90 degrees further is the
point of Summer Solstice, and when sun comes to this point, the temperature change again. It is the very start of Summer season. Further 90 degree away is the Autumnal Equinox, and
still further 90 degrees is the Winter Solstice. At each of these points the seasonal temperatures and environmental energies change considerably. The entire
Zodiac consists
of 12 equal segments, each having exactly 30 degrees. In fact temperatures change each time the sun crosses each of the 30 degree divisions of this moving Zodiac. This
phenomenon shows that the Tropical Zodiac is an invisible solar force field symmetry. It's the sun's energy interacting with the divisional energies of the symmetry
that causes the seasonal changes, because the angular divisions of the Zodiac clearly reflect the passing sun's energy...(More about seasonal waves will be forth coming )
The galaxy is a flat disc with numerous suns and planets moving in the galactic spiral, similar to
solar planets moving in the Zodiac circle. This is what prompted this writer to assume that the galaxy should also have similar field symmetry divisions. Now let's do a thought
experiment. Consider the galaxy to have consisted of billions of zodiacs. Their diameters differ from colossal size at the rim of galaxy down to the size of a pea at the center of
galaxy. Yet each of these imaginary galactic zodiacs has numerous planets circulating, including our sun and ourselves,
along certain zodiac and moving slowly inwards around the axis of the galaxy. It would generate pulses of
imaginary seasonal energies at the galaxy, just like changing seasonal energies on earth. The difference is on earth each pulse is a month long, but in the galaxy the pulses are
varying depending on the diameter of the imaginary zodiac. In other words, since it's the same planetary bodies traveling in circles inside the galaxy, then like in
our solar zodiac, there
are force symmetries in the galaxy, all with 12 divisions, like our zodiacal divisions, which would synchronized into one huge combined symmetry
consisting of same 12 equal angles, but effective through the whole
galaxy, and similar in each and every galaxy.
Left. Fig. is a graphic representation of an
extremely dynamic magnetic force field symmetry at the galactic center with 12 equal divisions effective
for the whole galaxy. The concept is new, so I call the force symmetry "Miracle-12"
Now,
please be patient and let's first view it from another angle. Somewhere towards the galactic center, the spiraling planetary
bodies must collide sooner or later. They will be first reduced to their atomic elements,
and atoms too will crash in this nature's gigantic atom crushing machine releasing
colossal energies, including Strong and Weak nuclear binding forces. In the end they
will be completely converted into energies. These
pure energy flux, which is now mass-less and weightless, and moving with
unbelievably speed under indescribable colossal pressure and temperature, now
containing only most fundamental energies in it, i.e., both
electric and magnetic energies (Read more explanation in previous page), which must seek to escape out of this region. However,
because the conditions are so extreme, it is impossible to describe
precisely the process of transformation at this point, but without any doubt no
mass particles can exist here and all energies must escape the galactic center to account for two facts of observation.
Firstly, as the galactic materials, i.e. stars and planets, etc., are continuously
transported to this galactic center by the spiraling motion, momentum, drag and
gravitation, etc., they must go somewhere. Secondly, observations
show that emissions from galaxies are all electromagnetic radiations, covering the maximum observable distance of
some 12-14 billion light-years,. Such electromagnetic emissions are so strong that
they exert pressure on neighbouring galaxies to move way, causing the universal
expansion in acceleration. The expansion is in acceleration because as long as there
are still mass in the galaxies being converted into energies, there are forces
to accelerate the recession of galaxies.
Therefore,
the only explanation is that formless energy flux has been urged to pass through
the strong energy division of the force field symmetry, which I call the Miracle-12 that maintains the dynamic equilibrium of the galaxy
(otherwise it would disintegrate), and in doing so, pulses of energy are cut and
formed into sinusoidal waves. It is also understandable that in the short
time before the
formless energy flux is cut or pulsed into known electromagnetic waves, it is not traveling at the "Sped of Light".
Speed of light "C " is only
constant because the frequency is smoothly and inversely proportional to wavelength,
i.e., C = F x L = Constant. Such smoothly inverse
proportion is completely due to its passage
through the smoothly and progressively shrinking circumference of the dynamic symmetry.
The fact that the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is inversely proportional
its frequency is the tailored proof that those waves can only be products of the galactic force
field symmetry as the way I have described. There is no other known facilities,
nor other processes, in the cosmos that could created the electromagnetic waves,
to cause the expansion, acceleration and the regeneration of the universe. This
is of course the explanation for the constant speed of light!
In
fact, before the energy flux is cut into waves
and dispatched, it could easily be traveling freely
beyond the speed of light, because in the disciplines of science or in
the manifestations of nature, there is nothing to forcibly stop a linear or
angular velocity "V" to
travel faster than the speed of light "C" (except by
Einstein's own personal decision). Take the case of explosion, say a nuclear
explosions, the stronger the explosive is, the greater the speed it delivers.
Actually since 1998 the galaxies at the remotest end of universe are observed to be
receding away with the speed of light, and yet they are still accelerating away.
So if the galaxy is big or strong enough, then at its center there
would appear to be an unobservable region or hole, because the speeds of
motion are greater than the speed of light. There are therefore two regions where
events cannot be observed. Firstly, anything beyond the maximum
observable distance (about 14 billion light-years) at the remotest end of universe
cannot be observed. Secondly, in certain galaxies, the motions in the very
center of galaxies are also unobservable. So I propose that there is an "Observational Black
Hole", or "Optical Black Hole", both are "OBH"
at the center of galaxy to differentiate from the commonly
known Black Hole, formed by Einstein's Spacetime Curvature, or the Gravitational
Black Hole, GBH of Relativity. It's no wonder astronomers have found and
observed some numbers of Black Holes in some galaxies. They must be OBH, because if they
were GBH, then with so many of them sucking everything down the holes, we would be
having a disappearing or shrinking universe, rather than an expanding
universe.
Emission of waves can be seen by radio telescopes as
radiations or by optical telescopes as haze emerging to huge distances from both
polar axis at the central region of galaxies.
As the emissions move
towards the theoretical center of galaxy, the pressure and the energy become progressively
stronger, whilst the frequency progressively increases, the wavelength decreases
inversely proportional to frequency. They conform with the observed characteristics
of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiations, which range from millionth of a centimeter to
many kilometers. Besides, because of the continuous varying wavelengths are
inversely proportional to frequencies, their product becomes a constant, and the
observable cosmos is completely
dominated with a smooth spectrum of such varying waves. Without these waves there will be no visible galactic lights, red shift, radio waves,
or x-rays, gamma rays as well as the last range of rays, the "Extreme
Galactic Rays", which are even shorter and stronger than gamma rays.
(Definition
of Extreme Galactic Rays, or EGR : - The writer believes that as millions of stars
and planets are pulled to move
towards the galactic center, they must crash into each other, therefore the
extremity of violence and energy concentration at galactic center must surpass any
events or explosions occurring 
anywhere else in the universe, such as those of
Pulsars and Quasars, etc..
Image
of entire sky's gamma rays as seen by the CGRO spacecraft. Bright spots within
the galactic plane are Pulsars while those above and below the plane are thought
to be Quasars. But the strongest rays are concentrated in the center of our Milky Way (horizontal bright strip)
as Gamma Rays. Extreme Galactic Rays are not yet detectable.
This
is imaginable because there is a continuous inflow of masses into the crashing
zone, and the built up of violence and temperatures cannot be compared with any
simple collisions or discontinuous collisions between galactic masses. Since
there are nonstop collisions of millions of incoming stars and planets, it means
such
extremes of violence can only occur at the very center of galaxies. The scenario
therefore cannot be experienced anywhere else in the universe, which in turn
means that humans can never hope to simulate such extremes of energy. With such
energies from the Extreme Galactic Rays, it's no
wonder that the entire universe full of galaxies are forced to expand in
acceleration, and only under such extreme conditions can all masses be
converted to pure energies. Yet, because we are born into such energy
environment, which never changes, nor fluctuates, we are totally unaware of its
extreme existence.
Now
that masses are all converted into energies, let's see how energies become
energy waves. In the above our theory proposes that there is a force field
symmetry in every galaxy. This symmetry has 12 equal
angles, which for the time being we call "Miracle-12". This
magnetic force symmetry is responsible for the production of two classes of
electromagnetic radiations. Firstly, the entire familiar spectrum of continuous
electromagnetic radiations, i. e. including visible light, x-rays and gamma
rays. etc.. However, with the advent of this symmetry it becomes
obvious and necessary to postulate that the production of radiations at the galaxy cannot possibly stop at the
range of gamma rays, which can be produced in normal laboratory conditions on
earth. At the extremity
of this symmetry, i.e. in the the theoretical center of galaxy, the wavelength of the
radiations would be much shorter than gamma rays and the energy of such radiations would reach an
unknown extremity.
At
this point, it is also extremely important to note that a dynamic force symmetry
is formed by mutual induction between polar forces of electric charge and polar
forces of magnetic moments in alternating phases and perpendicular to each
other. This symmetry keeps the
magnetic field in dynamic stability. As galactic masses are converted to energy,
the energy, now only electric and magnetic in nature, is forced to pass
angularly through the force symmetry and chopped up into
electromagnetic radiations of naturally formed sinusoidal waves.... The symmetry would automatically
form 12 perfectly equal
divisions at the center of every galaxy for the following reasons.
A
force symmetry is constantly subject to the influence of changing external
forces. There are a few statistical possibilities. Firstly, the simpler and more
basic a symmetry is, the less
likely it would be reduced or simplified further, and therefore more stable. The
most basic or simplest
symmetries are none other than the Simple Opposition (2), Equilateral Triangle (3), the Square or
Cross (4), and the Hexagon (6). Therefore the combined mean geometry for all the basic
symmetries is one with 12 equal angles, or the 12 spiked star, which can accommodate all the
fundamentally stable symmetries. Secondly,
mutual induction between electric charge and magnetic moment occurs at right
angles only. This interaction presents changing energies constantly in the
angles of a Cross, thus the Cross is most frequently present and most commonly
seen. Often it is used to mean the sun's rays. Meanwhile, three Crosses (3x4=12)
or four Equilateral Triangles (4x3=12) are also stable symmetries. Also
six Oppositions (6x2=12), or two Hexagons (2x6=12), even one 12 equal angled
Star, are all the most basic and stable symmetries. This is a perfect example of
statistical probabilities, which is also called Natural Selection". That's why the Zodiac or the force field symmetry of our solar
system is a 12 equal angled symmetry, hence the field symmetry at the galaxies
must be the same!
Above
3 photos show different dynamic field symmetries displayed by light. In every
stable force field there is always a field symmetry, but rarely more complicated
than a star of 12 equal angles..
(Note:
Mother Nature will take the most convenient or most probable choice. It is what Charles Darwin
call "By Natural Selection"
and Einstein would call "God's Dice". In quantum physics and statistics the
word is "Probability". Actually this is where
nature's miracle begins! The symmetry is the one and only root of evolution that gives birth to the want of choice and stability as well as
balance or peace by nature. This want of choice is available in every cosmic
space, in every atom and in every force symmetries, which crystallize every
organic and inorganic materials structures, and are forever active everywhere.
Since Nature can make choice, therefore, it is also the stem of all
intelligence! The rest is up to process of time, regeneration and evolution. So I think the name "Miracle-12" is rather fitting
)
Our
solar system is formed because the sun and planets carrying
electric charges are set to motion, all turning round and round in the system. This is
probably also how
electrons and protons carrying charges create a tiny magnetic field in each
atom, causing a spin with electron orbiting the nucleon. This is also why
lightening usually accompanies storms and turns storm into a spinning tornado. It
is why galaxies are round or elliptical and have spirals, because all galactic
masses carry electric charges and are set to motion. In fact, this is why galaxies
and even binary systems, or Double Stars also spin. It boils down to the fact
that when electric charge and/or magnetic moment are set in motion, they become
mutually inductive, and set off to spin, which creates a field symmetry, and
when energy flux passes the divisions of force symmetry, it would be chopped into
naturally formed sinusoidal waves...
Anyhow,
we all know that evolution will not fail to take the course of Natural
Selection. In which case, each galaxy will have its own Miracle-12 symmetry, and
its production of electromagnetic radiations will be exactly the same. This
means that the universe is completely dominated by the same spectrum of
electromagnetic waves. These waves are very flexible and can interfere
constructively or double up each other when their wavelength and frequency are
the same. Hence wherever there is cosmic space there will be the same spectrum
of radiations because these radiations travel at the constant sped of light, and
because they are strengthened by constructive interference. Therefore, they travel not
only in constant speed but with seemingly constant energy. When a beam of
electromagnetic wave, or light, passes through a thick glass, it would warm up
the glass and lose some energy, but when it leaves the glass, due to the
phenomenon of "constructive interference" it would pick up
the same constant speed again... What's more, the scenario at the point of exit
of emissions displays that the escaping waves do maintain the formation of known
electromagnetic wave propagation as observed, i.e., electric and magnetic
components are at right angles to each other (along the direction of the
galactic disc) and together they are perpendicular to their propagation (in the
direction of galactic axis) as they exit the
galaxy.
Meanwhile,
if you strike a match, or burn a candle, or switch on an electric lamp, or be it
a lightening, or just the light from a distant quasar or any phenomena involving
heat in nature, there is always the emission of the same spectrum of
electromagnetic radiations. Why? Because electromagnetic radiations may be categorized
into two categories of waves. Firstly, a category that is constantly propagating
from some sources to some destinies. These waves exist at all cosmic spatial
realms constantly and actively replacing old propagating waves. Eventually their
energies are consumed in the expansion of the universe. However, as new waves
are replacing old waves instantly, there appear to be no change in the spatial
realm, except that such energy waves are constantly active and vibrating at the back of
everything. Such seemingly permanent spectral waves dominate the our spatial realm,
but we do not notice their constant existence. The second category appears when
some additional energy interactions take place, which involve agitation of
atomic electrons, involving induction of magnetic moments. Such additional
electromagnetic energies are immediately acted upon by the actively passing and
vibrating cosmic electromagnetic waves existing in the same vicinity, which
through the process of "Interference" immediately turns the raw
electromagnetic energy into electromagnetic waves. That's why when we strike a
match, we are able to see the fire and light of the match and part of the light
spectrum.
Because
there is no apparent mechanisms, nor ready made waveforms in the action of
burning a match stick or lighting up a candle to immediately convert the raw
energy into a beautiful spectrum of electromagnetic waves, even with the same
3-dimensional wave structure in propagation (i.e., electric and magnetic
components are at right angles and together they are perpendicular to their
direction of propagation). Yet, it is not all that remote to connect ones
thoughts to the fact that there are only two energy waves, which could effect or
cause large scale cosmic motions, i.e., the gravitational wave and
electromagnetic radiation. Since electromagnetic radiation must be the cause of
the universal expansion, then it must be pretty strong and very penetrating!
Strong and penetrating enough to interfere and mold similar but weaker and
unformed local energies, such as the burning match. We are unaware of such
powerful energy because we are born into its energy environments, with
radiations coming not just from a certain direction but all directions and
opposition directions too!
Besides
raw or direct electromagnetic currents may be readily pulsed into desired waves
in electronic circuits or in quantum electromagnetic technology, and their
waveforms may be further adjusted and controlled using additional circuit
designs... Nature provides all kinds of wavelengths and frequencies. Electromagnetic radiations or
waves are carried or transmitted by waves of their own discrete wavelengths and frequencies
already existing in nature. Whenever an active electromagnetic wave
loses energy, it has no choice but to fall into the next slot of
wavelength and frequency. There is no where to go except being wedged into the
same spectrum in propagation, and such spectrum goes into spatial realm in unison. Energy waves can only
move by propagation according to their own defined energy slots, and so from one slot
jumping to the next slot.
This phenomenon is analogous to what Quantum
Mechanics refer to as the jumping "Orbital" of a single electron
orbiting the nucleon at different "Energy Levels". The same happens in
the world of all waves, regardless of sound waves, or electromagnetic wave,
because energy may be delivered in many manners and magnitudes, such as blows,
or steady weight, or pressure, or varying waves. Energy particles, quanta or waves are not hard solids, like stone or steel. They can
be added or subtracted and interfered with. Even in such semi-soft waves, like
sea water waves, they may double up to huge mountain like waves, or be
cancelled out. Sound waves and light waves are both energies delivered in
stretchable waves,
that's why, the Red-Shift works just like Doppler's Effect. It's
just the common mechanical nature of all energy waves. So as long as waves
are formed by energies, they can be interfered or superimposed. This analysis illustrates that
waveform of electromagnetic radiations may be easily
interfered and altered by similar waves, because being energy waves delivered or
propagating in progressive quanta or streams of waves, they are intrinsically
not solid materials, like pieces of steel or stone, although in cases of waves
with great energy, such as X-ray or gamma ray, they could behave like solid
particles, or machine gun bullets ..
There is a well known theory, which maintains that in
1964
two American scientists
Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias, using an experimental radio telescope
attached with a horn antenna, had detected and discovered the original
remnants of the "early universe" from the time of the proposed
"Big Bang". This remnant or relic of early universe from Big Bang is a
electromagnetic radiation in the form and
frequency range of microwave that is part of the normal electromagnetic spectrum.
After the discovery it
has since become popularly known as the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB),
or
the Microwave Cosmic Background Radiation (MCBR) (also CMBR, CBR, MBR,
as well as the "Relic Radiation"). According to various
proponents of the Big Bang theory the age of universe is between 10 to 20 billion years
since the time of Big Bang. It is suggested that this cosmic background
microwave radiation has been floating in space freely with other cosmic
radiations ever since all those billions of years, completely untouched,
un-interfered and unaltered, despite it is mixed with all the cosmic radiations
coming to earth to be measured by the said radio telescope used by those two
scientists in 1964.
However,
despite extremely dazzling descriptions of the start of the Big Bang universe,
as there are very detailed and convincing descriptions of that explosive event,
even during its very early seconds, and despite that
trillions of microwave photons must have propagated on hourly bases , and at all
times through the same cosmic realm, the Big Bang theory fails to explain the
following points:-
1)
In the early moments of explosion what were the means, or mechanisms, or through
what processes those random, formless and explosive energy flux were made into
extremely fine and organized electromagnetic radiations or waves to be aligned
in such a closely packed and continuously regimented order, known as the
electromagnetic spectrum?
2)
How did the primordial conditions of the Big Bang early universe manage to
create and align such beautiful and intricate formation for the motion of microwave
radiation as well as all electromagnetic waves propagations? Because they always
propagate with a 3-dimensional structure in motion, i.e., electric and magnetic
components are situated at right angles to each other, and together with such
formation they propagate perpendicularly to the direction of motion?
3)
The phenomena of Interference between all electromagnetic waves means their
waveforms can be readily altered by adding or subtracting energy or wave contents, thus
waveforms may be super-imposed or canceled out by similar electromagnetic waves
passing by. The
microwave has a relatively longer wavelength (bigger than visible light and
Infrared) and
much weaker energy (compared with the much stronger X-ray or the gamma ray), it
is therefore easily "interfered" by other passing radiation waves. Now,
all galaxies are emitting millions and trillions of similar electromagnetic
radiations every minute and hour passing through the same space (and in the
space of solar system and earth), how is it
possible for the proposed original microwave, created at the time of Big Bang,
to existed and float freely, while mixed amongst other electromagnetic waves for over 10 to 20 billions,
yet maintaining their independent form and staying totally unaffected,
unaltered and not interfered by any passing microwaves? Clearly some scientific
and rational explanations are needed!
4)
At any rate, what had happened in time and space and to the primordial egg before its big
explosion? What was that thing doing there? How long had it already existed,
and why did it suddenly explode
5)
The Big Bang model of cosmology is based and developed from Einstein's theory
of General Relativity, which in turn is vitally based on Minkowski's imagination
that "time" is the 4th dimension of "space". So, has the
space, in which we live, actually, scientifically and logically 4 dimensions
or just 3 dimensions? Because if space were 4-dimensional, then our concept of
3-dimensional space must be wrong and unreal! We can't have both! So, are we
living in real 3-dimensional space, or in imaginations? Is our 21st century
science real or just imaginations? I think we should think twice before we
decide to answer these questions! (Please
read lots more other theoretical and mathematical problems about the Big Bang
theory in page #22).
Now let's take a closer look inside the symmetry. Atoms of stars and planets all contain electrical charge and magnetic moment, and by the time
they spiral to the central region of galaxy, they are converted into energy, because the
galactic mass collision would be billions of times stronger than any particle
collision
machines on earth. But what come out of the galaxy are none other than electromagnetic radiations. Therefore, not only the polar energies
and properties of electromagnetism create the galactic
field symmetry, but they are also indestructible, because both the galactic input
(mass) and output (energy) contain electromagnetic properties. Therefore, electricity and magnetism are the two
most fundamental energies in the universe. While at the center of galaxies where actions
reach maximum, all four fundamental forces of Interaction, i.e. Strong, Weak Nuclear
Forces,
Electromagnetic force and
Gravitational force, are seemingly reduced to become just electric and/or
magnetic energy fluxes, to
be cut and induced into transmissible electromagnetic radiation waves. However, there are two other groups of forces in action within the galactic symmetry. The ones that find their equal and opposite counterparts are held
up momentarily in dynamic balance. The other unbalanced forces would disturb whatever that are already in dynamic balance and render them free to search for balance again.
Therefore, in any galactic system where countless trillions of kinetic forces are seeking expressions in all directions and interacting concurrently, there exists always a force
symmetry, which would appear like a permanent fixture, just like the ecliptic or
zodiac of our solar system..
At any rate, now that the phenomenon of Accelerating
Universe has proved observationally that galaxies are in fact receding faster
than light, and because inertial motions are unrelated to the speed of light,
then at the central region of galaxies where the energy involved far exceed any
normal interactions, the speed of internal spiral can also travel faster than light.
In which case, a small part of the galactic center could become a black or unobservable
hole to us (there is no mass particles to reflect light). I have to call this unobservable area an "Observational Black Hole
or "Optical Black Hole", or "(OBH)", also because
the speed of motion in this area has become super-luminal, and therefore unobservable. However, according to this theory, there is no relativistic or Gravitational Black Hole
(GBH)
in any galactic center. There are some reasons:-
1) It is conceivable that any stars spiraling towards the central region of galaxy would either be drawn to pieces
(comet Shoemacher was drawn to pieces before the broken pieces hit Jupiter) by their own momentum or crushed to
pieces in the traffic congestion. Both scenarios would cause explosion
outwards (not inwards).
2) Gravitation is proportional to weight. As galactic
masses move close to the center of galaxy they must collide and convert into
energy, or in quantum mechanics, photons. All energies and photons have no weight. Therefore,
gravitation stops when there is no more weight or mass left. No gravitation
means no Gravitational Black Hole.
3) The center of galaxy is an extremely pressurized region
where explosive energies are trying to get out. Therefore, everything must get
out and nothing can get in or collapse into it.
Therefore, it's impossible for any stars to exist intact to collapse into a Black Hole.
Left Fig:- Artist's impression of a "Observational Black Hole" with emissions at both poles, hence no gravitational singularity. This
impression even accurately show that as emissions slow down after some
distance the radiations become again visible
Within an OBH energy fluxes are traveling at super-luminal speed, but at times a spot of light could still be seen, if the narrow angle of incoming emission
points somewhat towards the direction of earth... In the extremely violent central region of the galaxies, increasingly masses are being converted into pure energy.
This huge volume of energy
cannot be contained within the central region of the galaxy, so they seek spot of least resistance and escape through both poles of the galaxy in an explosive hurry. The back
pressure would help to form the galaxies into a disk shape. This phenomenon is observed in all galaxies, especially in the central region of Active Galaxies, as suddenly jets of
radiation shooting out of both galactic poles.
Left
fig:- Another artist impression showing Bipolar radiations jetting out of the would be an Observational Black Hole
(OBH)
region.
where motion of energy has exceeded the speed of light.
It is seen also in some normal galaxies, such as M87(Fig on the
left below) in the Virgo Super Cluster of galaxies. A huge jet of emission is seen to come out of the
extremely violent center... But in most normal galaxies,
the radiation is seen as a bulging halo gradually towards the central region of the main galactic body. This bulging halo
extends tens of thousands of Light Years in distance. For our Milky Way the
extension is about 1000 Light Years. This entire distance is consisted of radiations or emission of
energies.
Now let's take a look from a different perspective. As masses carrying electric charge (proton and electron in atoms) spiral within the galaxy, they induce an
angular magnetic field symmetry. The closer to the center of galaxy, the stronger the field becomes, and the more defined will be the field division, as the polar
energy at the divisions will become strengthened too. The concentrated energies at the structural divisions of Miracle-12 field symmetry is synonymous to the functions of permanent
magnet poles in an electric generator. As the generator turns, the poles of the generator, carrying moving magnetic flux
in pulses, induce electricity traveling also with
angular momentum. The induced electric pulses are forged into analog electrical currents in
sinusoidal waves. The phenomenon also helps to explain that the sinusoidal
waveform of electromagnetic
radiations is because they are cut and produced by the galactic field symmetry,
the Miracle-12 (see diagram on the left).
The left fig. is a schematic diagram of a current generator. Between the left and right permanent
magnetic poles (which can be any number of pairs) is the rotating armature driven by mechanical
means. The induced current in sinusoidal waves is taken out by conducting wires.
The high potential of the flux produces a voltage, which drives the currents into lower potential part of the
system, or rather the consuming appliances, through a conductor. In a comparable
way at the galaxy, as the angular motion of formless energy flux passes through the
Miracle-12 symmetry, it is cut into electromagnetic waves and dispatched into
space. The difference is, as more energy flux would follow into the central
region, at different radius of this inward angular motion a huge array of waves
will be produced, with wavelengths ranging from extremely long to theoretical zero at the
theoretical center of galaxy, where also
frequencies would approach infinity. This array of waves is in fact a step-less
continuous spectrum electromagnetic radiations, which can be seen
and detected by both optical and radio telescopes. (This is rather obvious, because if galaxies did not manufacture
such radiation waves, then cosmic space would have to do it,
which of course is impossible). These waves are mathematically
expressed in sinusoidal wave functions f(x). The waves thus created by
the Miracle-12 has also special characteristic, i.e. their wavelengths are
inversely proportional to frequencies. So the speed of these waves is in fact a
constant (FxL=C= Constant). The speed of electromagnetic wave or light C
is different to linear velocity V,
not only because C is a wave motion and V is a
linear motion, but also because C is a
constant speed and has a special reason for it (as explained) and therefore restricted,
but V is not restricted to
any magnitude because there is no special reason for it...
Further
more, among the waves produced by the Miracle-12, there are two main classes or
ranges of waves. Firstly, the normal range, which understandably is the class
ranging from the known Gamma Rays downwards through other lower frequency waves.
Because this range can be normally created or recreated in laboratory conditions
on earth, or under earthly conditions. Secondly, the class belonging to the
Extreme Galactic Rays (or EGR), because they are produced under indescribable and extreme
conditions (as explained above), there is no way to replicate such conditions in
earthly laboratory conditions, and because all things on earth, including the
human, are created or born into such constant and unchanging energy environment,
they are undetected or unnoticed. However, because their extreme power and
frequency, they become the only possible source of energy that causes the Strong
Nuclear Force of atomic bondage to vibrate and resonate with a very weak
secondary wave, which has the nature of attraction but not magnetic. This is we call
the gravitation wave, and because its vibration is given by the Extreme Galactic
Ray, therefore its frequency is high and still unknown to science. Meanwhile, the same Extreme Galactic Rays
is also the only possible that causes
the Weak nuclear bonding force to vibrate, also producing secondary wave, which
would let go of its atomic bondage. We call this product the Carbon-14 radiation (14C).
Meanwhile, because the primary force of vibration EGR is extremely strong and
its frequency very high, the rate that Carbon-14 releases its nuclear bonding
energy becomes highly steady and accurate. Again due to such high frequency, it is still
unknown (Please read more in page #13)
The nature and origin of gravitation?)
Since there is
a Miracle-12 in every galaxy all over the entire universe,
therefore it is a universal phenomenon. This is
very important because it is the reason that transmissible energies in the whole universe share the same mechanism from which they are stamped out with the same
waveforms and frequencies, as such that they are able to synchronize into
the same spectrum of waves that propagate and pervade the entire observable universe. Their
combined existence not only causes the galaxies to recede, but
also helps to makes all large cosmic objects into round bodies. The receding galaxies
then cause the observable universe to expand in acceleration, in fact, they also
cause the universe to form regenerating universal portions. It happens when
galaxies recede from each other into far away distances, and also when they
sooner or later run out of strong energy to push each other, then a time will
come when the remainders of galactic masses would begin to gravitate each other,
helped by some external forces from other remote portion of universe. This is
because we cannot see beyond the light speed limit, we therefore must assume that the universe is
boundless. This means although it may take forever, but eventual some remainders
of galaxies will crunch together and explode. Then the big and small pieces of
masses would gravitate into a smaller but nevertheless a brand new portion of universe.
Although
we are living in possibly a very small portion of the boundless universe, we are
aware that our portion is very old and mature. It must have been through million
or billion cycles of evolutions to homogenize all material, which obeys all
atomic structural laws, so that we are able to predict that laws of nature are
dependable and same over the whole universe. Dependable behaviors of the
universe means there are absolute regularities in the laws and functions of
nature that cannot come out of nothing, or simply out of one irrational or
accidental occurrence. There must be no ends of repetitive evolutions to perfect
the dependability of nature's functions and structures... At any rate, since
energy and mass are inter-convertible, the universe is fundamentally restorable
and renewable. Converting energy into mass may take much longer time and may
need thousands of different ways, but mass and energy are inter-changeable and the
universe may generate new portions in changing sizes and shapes. This is why the
universe is a Regenerating Universe! (Read also Contents Page
#9 "How
is the universe of mass structured?" and #10 "How is the universe of energy structured?").
Finally, some readers might sooner or later ask if the above described theory can be proven. The answer to that is
affirmative! But why? Because since there is no way that the human and his machines can ever get near the center of
galaxy or visit the whole universe, we can dependably use logical deductions to fathom
the universe. Now, not only every description here is told with digestible
logics and explanations, but 99% and more of deductions made in school class rooms are based
on logical deductions. Another reason is that everything described and explained in
these pages are already proven. The phenomenon of galactic spiral is caused by
moving masses carrying electrons in atoms. Electricity in motion induces magnetism and vice versa, at right
angles, causing the galactic masses to turn. The conversion of mass into electromagnetic
waves is explained by actions in the dynamic field symmetry, which is
illustrated by the creation of a electric current waves in an electric generator. The formation of a 12 equal angled symmetry, namely
the Miracle-12, at the galactic center is explained and evidenced by the field symmetry, called the
Zodiac in our solar system. The push of cosmic waves is evidenced by cosmic
waves' push of a comet tail, etc.. These things are well proven common knowledge. There is no need to reinvent the wheel! The capacity to
use logics and to depend on logical
deductions is an intelligence privileged
to the human kind only. Science is the only criterion, the last frontier of knowledge, that cannot be disguised, nor politicized, nor affected by time. True or false will
always be found out! And if there is no ambiguities, then what's true will remain true for as long as
laws and phenomena of nature remain true...