5) Background discussions on light and electromagnetic waves:-
( Revised, Nov 2008 )
(A brief personal note:- Before I go further from here I think I ought to add a few words about how and why it had taken so many years for me to put down my thoughts, as I am still at it, and also why in some pages the materials and expressions are so muddled. In fact, there is a big difference in the quality of writing from page to page. Well, what happened was this. I started this website in late 2002, by writing everything directly onto the Internet without a draft. At the time I was totally unaware that I was carrying a dangerous condition of health. Apparently for quite some numbers of years the left chamber of my heart was slowly clotting up with cholesterols. The clotting was such a slow process and there was no pain, so I had no idea it was bothering me so strongly. Because as my main heart arteries are becoming blocked, my brain was getting less and less blood supply. Still I didn't know why and I struggled to write, some days were better than others. The theory was inside me, but it simply refused to come out! I also refused to quit and kept changing my writings. Then it happened! The roof came down! (so to speak). In mid August of 2005 a massive heart attack almost canceled me out for good. Although I was lucky to have survived and the Doctors had put 2 stainless steel stents in my heart, massive damages had already occurred. I continue to experience periodic dizziness and my memory has been badly impaired, but I still keep on trying! Well, the ideas are there, but how do I organize the universe and put it down in words?
This very page here, the 5th page, should have been the bridge between the first 4 introductory pages and the proper substance of the theory. It was meant to lay down the ground for my theory and some considerations with explanations for the observed nature of electromagnetic radiations, but because it was not an easy start and in that critical state of health, I made a mess out of it. Although I could pin point how sick I was, I did feel something was not right. Anyway, this page and most of the theory were then left as they were before my heart operation, for after all, these pages were more or less drafts, they still needed cleaning up and properly strung together anyhow, so why not leave them until I feel more apt to do the job. However, many things had happened not just in my health and my life, but also in the political environments around me. Soon after my heart operation, due to some circumstances I felt a strong urge to switch my writing to political matters. As a result I began to write "The 3 time bombs of the nuclear 21st century", also directly onto this website without drafting. Because those political writings required much more timely attentions, I had to leave my cosmology even more unattended and unfinished.
Now, I have just found some peace and improved conditions to come back for these difficult writings on cosmology. Unfortunately, having already left them unattended for almost 3 years, I have now tons of pages to go through, to clean up or rewrite, despite that the main postulate was formed already during the 1980s, and needs not be changed. One good thing has emerged out of these years of unexpected delay and disturbances is that it gave me plenty of time to ponder, reflect and reaffirm my ideas on the theory. Writing directly onto the web not only pressurized me to go on and finish my goal, it also afforded me some chance to gauge timely reactions from readers and web-stats, which had been very helpful... My very sincere apologies and deep gratitude to many of my readers who have kindly visited this website and given me by emails so much support and encouragements, despite the deplorable state of my writings.). [Note:- Pages that are marked at its beginning in blue "( Revised, Date )" have been newly checked, updated or revised. Most of the unmarked pages, or those marked in red "Revision needed" are old pages awaiting to be updated or revised, or better still, entirely rewritten, because such pages were written when my brain and pulmonary arteries were blocked due to acute myocardial infarction... (added 25th June 2008 during typhoon Feng Sheng)].
The first 4 pages have laid down some fundamentals of cosmology. Now this page will begin the entry into the theory of Regenerating Universe. So let's go!.... Electric and magnetic forces can be detected in regions called electric and magnetic fields. These fields are fundamental in nature and can exist in space far from the charge or current that generated them. Remarkably, electric fields can also produce magnetic fields and vice versa, independent of any external charge. A changing magnetic field produces an electric field, as the English chemist/physicist Michael Faraday had discovered in work in 1830s that formed the basis of electric power generation. Conversely, a changing electric field produces a magnetic field, as the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell had later deduced. The mathematical equations formulated by Maxwell incorporated light and wave phenomena into electromagnetism. He showed that electric and magnetic fields travel together through space as waves of electromagnetic radiation, with the changing fields mutually sustaining each other. Examples of electromagnetic waves traveling through space independent of matter are radio and television waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet light, X rays, and gamma rays.
The discovery of electricity, electromagnetism, wave mechanics and quantum mechanics during the past roughly one and half centuries has changed our entire civilization. Yet it appears this is only the beginning. In fact, scientists have already found it possible to unify the electromagnetic force with the Weak nuclear force and call the unified force Electro-Weak". In other words their common origin and relationship have become known. Scientists are now trying to unify also the Strong nuclear force with them, making them a threesome, which would be called Grand Unison or GUT. Meanwhile, the explanation of extreme energy conditions at the galactic center could indicate that all 4 forces of Interaction may be reduced to just the duel nature of electromagnetism, which would also complete the Theory of Everything or TOE. Since in nature the fundamental properties of electromagnetism are indestructible, so despite all the complexity of phenomena, our universe appears to be just an electromagnetic universe.
Note: During the first half of the past century the work on wave mechanics in science have changed human history. Many Nobel prizes for physics have been awarded for the discoveries that are one way or another related to the fundamental nature of waves and particle physics, quantum mechanics, all related to electromagnetic photons or waves. e.g.
1901 to W. C. Roentgen, 1902 to H.A.Lorentz and P. Zeeman, 1905 to P.E.A. von Lenard, 1906 to J. J. Thomson, 1909 to G. Marconi and K.F. Braun, 1911 to W. Wien, 1914 to Max von Laue, 1918 to Planck, 1921 to Einstein, 1922 to Bohr, 1923 to R.A. Millikan, 1924 to K. Siegbahn, 1925 to J. Franck and G. Hertz, 1927 to Arthur H. Compton and C. Wilson, 1929 to Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie, 1930 to Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, 1932 to Werner Karl Heisenberg, 1933 to E. Schroedinger and Paul Dirac, 1936 to Victor Franz Hess, 1937 to C. J. Davisson and Sir George P. Thomson, 1938 to Enrico Fermi, 1943 to Otto Stern, 1945 to W. Pauli, 1948 to P. Blackett... Therefore, during the first 50 years of the 20th century, some 24 years of Nobel awards in physics were given ( almost every other year ) for scientific work or discoveries on nature of electromagnetic waves or particles, mostly about the fundamental properties and behaviors of light as well as other aspects of quantum physics.
The quantity of Nobel Prizes given shows the importance of the roles that light and other aspects of electromagnetic radiations play in the course of nature's interactions and their significance to our modern civilization. Today, in every walks of our society, or in almost every activity in life, electromagnetic technologies or quantum electromagnetic technologies are playing a vital role in human life. Some people are even wearying and carrying micro-electronic devices in their hearts and brains to help regulating their body functions. We may now truly say that we are in the age dominated by the sciences of electromagnetism. However, all these works and achievements are carried out in laboratory scales and on atomic scales or on earthly or planetary levels... Meanwhile, on the large cosmological scales, the entire universal realm is pervaded by electromagnetic waves or radiations emitting from the galaxies, long before human ancestors arrived on earth. These observed outgoing galactic emissions radiate energies continuously into cosmic space, causing neighbouring galaxies to move away from each other, creating the phenomenon of expanding universe in acceleration. Where do such colossal energy waves come from? And how do they formed into the same electromagnetic waves with similar frequencies that allow them to reinforce in strength by Constructive Interference and cause such colossal inter-cosmological movements? No detailed descriptions, nor explanations, have yet been given so far!
This is what this cosmological theory now interested in, because now we are already deep within the space age. Not only we need to know what causes the galaxies to move apart and expand the accelerating universe, but also since there is only one wave energy that could exert force over large cosmological distances, i.e. the electromagnetic waves, and also there is only one other wave energy that could attract or contract planetary or galactic masses over large distances, i.e. the gravitational waves, we urgently need to know how they do it! What's more, we want to know how they are formed into such colossal and mighty wave energies! As in laboratory quantum electromagnetic energies are generally created by vibrating electrical charges in electronic devices, such as crystals, to give controlled and desired waveforms, usually square waves, but in nature, similar colossal electromagnetic radiations are found to be in sinusoidal waveforms. In short, this theory here will attempt to describe and explain the origin, the creation as well as the functions of those cosmological waves energies, both the electromagnetic radiations and gravitational waves. In the followings, we will begin by preparing a list of general background observations and then we will discuss each topic in separate pages with more details.
There are four basic forces in physics. They are Gravitational, Electromagnetic, Strong, and Weak forces. All the known interactions in nature can be traced to these forces, so they are called the Four Forces of Interaction. The Strong and Weak forces are active within the atom giving the atomic activities and bondage. The other two, namely, Gravitational and Electromagnetic forces, are waveform energies. Only forces in waveforms can transmit energy by continuous propagation. Because there is no "empty space", so all one can see of space is in fact packed volumes of invisible waves, even in vacuum. Light is visible only if it is directed to our retina, or reflected by some substance for us to see, but visible light is a small part of a continuous spectrum of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves and gravitation waves are the two forces in wave responsible for large scale cosmological movements. Gravitational waves attract matters, while electromagnetic waves repels. Together they cause cosmological motions in the universe.
Cosmology deals expressly with the large scale mass structures and universal scale of movements. The structures of universe depend solely on energies that drive the motions and distribution of mass and mass movements. These energies, as mentioned, are electromagnetic radiations and gravitational waves. Light or visible light is a small part of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves, which includes Radio, TV, Telephone waves, Microwaves, Infrared Radiations, Ultraviolet Radiations, X-rays, Gamma Rays, etc... So they all have the same electromagnetic characteristics. Electromagnetic energy is not only important to the functions and structures of the universe, it is also important to our daily life. Today, everything that we do, be it eating, talking, working, moving, or sleeping, all are rapidly becoming dependent on electromagnetic energies, and due to its massive use in every aspect of life as well as the electrical power required by it, even today's problems of fuel prices, global warming and dangerous nuclear technologies are strongly involved because of it.
So what is electromagnetic force, or wave, or radiation, or just quantum electromagnetic energy? It boils down to the same thing! In terms of classical physics, it is the flow of energy at the universal speed or constant speed of light through free space or though a material medium in the forms of electrical and magnetic fields that make up electromagnetic waves, such as Radio waves or visible lights, etc.. In these waves, time varying electric and magnetic fields are mutually linked with each other at right angles and perpendicular to the direction of motion. In terms of modern Quantum Physics, or Quantum Mechanics, electromagnetic radiation is the flow of photons (also called the light quanta) through space. Photons are perceived as packs of energies, like particles, that always moves with the universal speed of light in vacuum. In other words, when charged particles are accelerated or decelerated, an electromagnetic disturbance spreads outwards from the particles at the constant speed of light. Both classical and Quantum theories maintain that visible light, or Radio Waves, or any other electromagnetic radiations have the same peculiar characteristics. They all have the same universal or constant speed, but so far those theories do not explain why. Although there is no doubt that it is true, the situation is puzzling because it is so different from the behaviour of normal particles. At any rate, up to this point, the constant speed of light or electromagnetic radiations is taken and accepted as a matter of fact. without explanations
So, the speed of light is in fact also the speed of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves, which move by propagation. This speed has been accurately calculated and established since 1983 to be 299,792,458 meters per second in vacuum... There are other strange phenomena related to it. For instance, when one chases behind a normal particle or object (e.g., an airplane) or moves in the opposite direction toward it, one certainly would measure very different speeds of the airplane relative to oneself. One would detect a very small relative speed when one moves with it and a large one when moves opposite it. Moreover, a bullet shot forward from the airplane and another toward the back would appear to be moving with different speeds relative to oneself. This would not at all be the case when one measures the speed of electromagnetic radiation: irrespective of one's motion or that of the source of the electromagnetic radiation! Any measurement by a moving observer will result in the same universal speed of light. This too must be accepted hitherto in science as a fact of nature.
1) Electromagnetic wave energies may be created by accelerating or decelerating charged particles or oscillating photons or electrons with tiny transistors and semiconductors, etc., in circuit boards. Similar electromagnetic pulses or waves may also be created by rotating pairs of magnetic poles or magnetic fields, such as in large machines that generates electricity for household uses. Household electric waves are also electromagnetic waves with the same nature and characteristics. The electric generators are designed with a number of permanent or induced magnetic poles or fields, rotated by mechanical means. Because electric charge and magnetic moments are mutually inductive, these turning magnetic poles pulse or cut the magnetic flux into waves, which induce electric waves, hence these are also electromagnetic waves. At the same time in the the turning electromagnetic energy field a force symmetry is formed. The symmetry keeps the machine balanced in turning motion, otherwise the machine would break apart. These process is similar or equivalent to a familiar cosmological phenomenon as follows.
Our solar
system is made of Sun, Moon and planets, all carrying electric charges and
magnetic moments, turning in a balanced force field symmetry. Otherwise our
solar system would break apart. This force field symmetry automatically
forms a 12 equal division, each consisting 30°. The path through which our
solar planets move is the Ecliptic and the force field symmetry is referred
to as the Zodiac. As our Sun passes through each zodiacal division, a
seasonal change in temperatures would occur. 
This phenomenon
shows that the Zodiacal divisions
act just like the magnetic poles in the electric generator, only the
Zodiac gives off relatively large pulses or waves of solar electromagnetic
radiations, which are felt as distinctive seasonal temperature changes.
Left Fig:- Illustrates large seasonal pulses or waves, A = yearly pulse, B = 4 seasonal pulses, C = 12 monthly pulses. Time is represented by arrow.
However, this is just the beginning! The same phenomenon leads us to the theory that a similar force field symmetry exists in the center of each galaxy as well, that also generates electromagnetic waves (please read details in the coming page #6 ).
2)
There has to be a force field symmetry existing at the galaxy, otherwise the
galactic force field system would break apart and the galaxy would become non-existent. This phenomenon in
the case of classical theory may be illustrated by a field symmetry, with spiraling galactic mass and energy
flux traveling
around it, 
just
as explained above. Such a stable galactic system must therefore generate electromagnetic
waves.
Left fig:- The symbolic force field symmetry of a spiral galaxy with 12 equal angles. The symmetry keeps the galactic system in place, and electromagnetic waves are generated when spiraling masses carrying electric charges and magnetic properties are pulsed by the force field divisions. (also read explanations in next page #6)
Now in the case of Quantum theory, the temperatures, the motions and the violent agitation of charge particles both in the solar system in the galactic masses must also generate electromagnetic radiations, since masses in those large planetary systems do carry charged particles and are being agitated in motion and in interaction. So in both classical theory and in quantum theory, the fact is established that electromagnetic radiations are created and generated in all stable starry or planetary systems, such as the galaxies. Well, it is pretty obvious that such huge, interactive and stable mass-energy systems could not just simply exist, doing nothing!
3) However, there are two distinctive main scenarios manifesting at each galaxy. It is pretty obvious that due to gravitational force, such spiraling galactic masses, i.e. stars and planets, would be gradually pulled towards the center of the galaxy. Consequently, beginning at certain distance of the galactic radius towards the central region of the galaxy, the scenario would become very special. At this central region galactic mass traffics would begin to congest and collide into each other, while the rest of galactic masses will continue to spiraling into the galactic center. The smashed galactic masses would be completely converted from mass to pure energy due to nonstop and repeated collisions with a build-up of indescribable violent energy and temperatures. The electromagnetic radiations or waves generated at the galaxies center inside the crush zone should be special and stronger than any electromagnetic waves, or photon particles created anywhere else in the galaxy or anywhere else in the universe. Why? Because even when just two or few more stars collide, the violence could not be compared with the energy and temperatures generated at the galactic central region where millions of stars and planets would collide in unstoppable continuation. Therefore, in the end no mass could possibly exist intact and everything is converted into energy! What's more, there are distinctively two different zones in each galaxy, i.e. one crush zone, which is comparatively very small and situated deep in the center of galaxy, and another zone, which is far bigger, consisting of the rest of the whole galaxy.
This galactic central region is the only special place in the universe, so special that the following phenomena must occur. Firstly, all galactic masses must convert eventually to pure energy. Secondly, since all masses are turned into energies, no mass also means no gravitation, hence no Black Holes. Thirdly, although there is no "Gravitational Black Hole", this small special crush zone at the very center of galaxy could appear to be black, because there is entirely no mass to reflect lights. Fourthly, the extreme of violence and energy generated at the galactic center are far too great to be be comparable with any man made process or laboratory experiments. Therefore, humans and any natural process on earth could probably never be able to experience such level of energy, or create such electromagnetic radiations. Fifthly, the strength and frequency of waves electromagnetic radiations created by humans, or by other accidental process of nature anywhere else in the universe are probably limited to the speed and strength of gamma rays, quite unlike those generated in the very center of galaxies, which are unknown to us... The reasons are as follows: In classical theories, built up of energy and temperature at the the very center of galaxy would produce unbelievable angular motion and generate unbelievable frequencies of waves. In Quantum Physics one uses the concept of "Quantum States" to describe a particle. The laws of Quantum Mechanics describe which states are physically realistic, and the ways in which a particle changes (or jumps) from one quantum state to another Each quantum state is characterized to index the levels of energy, which is proportional to frequency. It is therefore not difficult to visualize that the quantum states at the galactic center are incomparable to any levels or any states of energy outside the galactic centers and therefore still unknown and probably unreachable on earth. But such extreme and super conditions must exist (I have named such special electromagnetic radiations "The Extreme Galactic Rays" in this Theory. It will be further discussed and expanded later in up-coming pages). It's probably why any frequencies beyond those of the gamma rays and also the frequencies of gravitational waves are still unknown.
4)
This means that in nature there exists a different class of electromagnetic
waves with such extremes of energy and frequency that can probably never be
experienced in man made processes. 
It is this class of
electromagnetic radiations that are strong enough to expel away the galaxies from each other,
and causes the expansion of the universe in acceleration.
Left Fig:- This graph shows that the solar emission of electromagnetic radiation is pushing the gas part (in white) of Halley Comet's tail to move in the direction of the solar emissions. Of course galactic emissions would be much stronger
Since it is so different to the normal range of electromagnetic radiations that we are familiar with, such as the range including visible light and up to Gamma Rays, we will now have to give it a new name. So let's call it the "Extreme Galactic Rays". Since all electromagnetic waves have the same property of mutual interference, the entire range of electromagnetic radiations, including the normally known range as well as these Extreme Galactic Rays are capable of blending their waveforms in chained propagation to reach great cosmological distances. These radiations emitted by each galaxy to exert forces on its neighbouring galaxies. They not only expand the universe, but also unify the entire universe together in continuous evolutions and regenerations. These electromagnetic waves also allow us to observe the universe to a distance of 12 to 14 billion light years, which is the maximum range of observation from our planet, or thereabout, because as the speed of light is constant, beyond this maximum range it is not fast enough to reach us for observation.
5) Yet, observation of Red-Shift yields the results that even at this maximum observable distance, the remote galaxies are still receding away with increasing speed or with acceleration. Hence the universe is also now also called the Accelerating Universe. It also follows that although the speed of light C is constant, it theoretically cannot be the fastest or the top limit of all speeds in the universe as Einstein's Special Relativity implies In other words, there are other things moving faster than light. In fact, beyond the limit that lights can reach us, i.e. about 12-14 billion light years away the entire remote universe, with countless galaxies in every direction, is accelerating away from us with speeds greater than light (C). This is actually indisputable, because there is nothing in science or in the universe that could possibly stop or retard and cause all those colossal accelerating and running away galaxies to slow down. This fact also renders Einstein's Theory of Energy-Mass formula (E=MC2 ) unreal, as already explained in page 3) On Mass and Energy , and of course the Big Bang model of universe is also unreal. It is absolutely imperative that the Big Bang theory be proven unreal before other scientific realities may begin in earnest discussions (see page Problems of Big Bang universe and the timing of history).
6) This class of electromagnetic waves, namely "Extreme Galactic Rays" also causes the Strong Nuclear Force within the mass to vibrate and gives out a corresponding or resounding wave of gravitation (see details in upcoming page The nature and origin of gravitation). As the Strong Force is much stronger than electromagnetic wave (between the 4 Forces of Interaction the Strong Nuclear Interaction is by far the strongest of the four), it holds the nucleons (protons and neutrons) resiliently together, but it is forced to impart a corresponding wave in resonance. This is why gravitational waves are very weak, yet it is still a waveform energy, which retains the characteristics of attraction (gravitation) or strong bondage, yet not of magnetic nature. This is predictable, because otherwise there is nothing within the mass, neither energy, nor mechanism, nor any source within the scopes of classical or quantum physics that could possibly produce such a gravitational wave energy with such extreme frequency. In other words, a waveform energy needs a source of vibration or agitation and cannot come out of nothing. Especially because gravity is dependent on the mass, and since there is nothing in the atomic mass that could give birth to such a wave of cosmological consequence, therefore its cause is an extra-atomic one. Besides, the cause must be able to act from wherever atoms exist, and with such penetration and frequency of such extremes. There is only one cause that could possibly give birth to such a high frequency wave of attraction. It can only be the strength and frequency of the still unknown "Extreme Galactic Rays", the same electromagnetic wave from the galactic center that expands and unites the entire universe, that compels the strongest force of bondage, the Strong Nuclear Force, to procreate its child attractive wave, the Gravitational wave.
7) Electromagnetic waves created by the galaxies belong to a continuous and step-less spectrum. They range from extremely low frequencies to unbelievably high frequencies. Yet all frequencies are inversely proportional to the wavelengths. This is a wave production special to the galaxies, because at the galaxy there are electric and magnetic energies, carried by galactic masses, moving continuously towards the center of galaxy. Also at the close center of galaxy, masses are converted into energy flux. All these electromagnetic energies are cut into waves by the divisions of force symmetry with 12 equal angles, producing a smoothly progressive spectrum of waves with frequencies inversely proportional to wavelength. The characteristics that the frequency verses wavelength are inversely proportional means the speed is constant ( Frequency x Wavelength in inverse proportion = constant speed ). Now, since each galaxy generates and emits electromagnetic waves, because of their mutual or their constructive interference, these waves join up and dominate the entire universal realm. That's why lights from remote galactic objects, even at the distance of 12 to 14 billion light years away, are able to reach us for observation without breaking. Since electromagnetic waves generated by all the galaxies in every direction are prevalent everywhere in space, it explains why no matter where or how one measures it, it will always be of the same speed, and due to constructive interference, any loss of energy the waveform or speed would be immediately compensated and reconstructed back to the same original wave form and speed.
8) These electromagnetic waves or radiations not only occupy and dominate every universal space, even as the entire universe is expanding, they are strong enough to push the galaxies away in mutual recession and in acceleration. So if you burn a match stick or turn on an electric bulb, depending on its energy levels or quantum states, the radiations produced must conform and pick up the corresponding spatial waves with frequencies at that energy level and in that place at that time. In other words, for each level or quantum state, the vibration produced come from agitation of the charged particles or vibrations of charges in the mass, such as burning a match stick, its waveform and frequency thus produced are interfered or forced to conform with the electromagnetic waves prevalent at that spatial vicinity and of that quantum state [Note: In Quantum Mechanics energy is proportional to frequency. For each discrete level of energy a discrete frequency will be produced]. Thus the energy of radiation by the burning match chemicals, depending on its quantum state, would produce a particular frequency. In my view, this frequency would be picked up or blended by interference onto the corresponding frequencies from the spectrum of spatial electromagnetic radiation already existing and transmitting in that place.
This is because the entire space is completely dominated by strong wave energies emitting from the galaxies, which not only can unify, expand but also accelerate the universe. Transmission is only possible if there is a media to pass on energy (which was earlier thought to be ęther), and unless such medias or waves are existing in the space between our eyes and the light of the burning match or any light source, we cannot see it. Since all galactic waves are interfered, blended and homogenized into one universal spectrum of waves, human made radiations are also interfered and blended with it. And since the wavelength and frequency spatial waves are inversely proportional, that's why their speed remains always constant... These strong spatial waves could only have been created and transmitted by the galaxies, and since there are distant galaxies existing in every conceivable angles in space, there is no difference wherever or whenever one measure it, it's always constant. Any loss of energy or waveform, the loss would be immediately compensated through mutual interference of waves. In short, energy waves, or electromagnetic waves are existing and transmitting in all spatial realm and at all times, these existing spatial waves would absorb any incidental energy waves, created either by man or by nature, through the action of mutual interference between waves or between quanta of photons or electromagnetic radiations. Only because of this provision of nature already in place everywhere we are able to add quanta of same electromagnetic energies onto the existing waves. Also because of its existence, we are able to see near or distant lights and objects, even to the remote light source, some 12 to14 billion light years away. .
There are, in fact, distinctly two main types of electromagnetic wave energies, which makes the issue of waves behaving like particles appear somewhat perplexing. One type of wave is created by passing electromagnetic flux through energy division of poles, or energy field symmetries, such as in electricity generating machines, or what happens in the solar zodiac, or in similar field symmetry at the galaxies. The waves thus produced are of sinusoidal waveforms. Let's regard this type of waves or radiations as "Natural Waves". The other type of electromagnetic energy wave is produced by intentionally agitating or causing a charged material, such a crystal (quartz crystal or liquid crystal), to vibrate at certain frequency as in modern electronic circuits. Such frequencies produced may be controlled by circuit designs. The corresponding waveforms produced may also be controlled or altered, and made such as square waves, etc.. When operated, the square waves are performing just like particles or like machine gun bullets. Waveform thus produced may be added, by design, with another waveform of similar frequency, or doubled, tripped, even canceled out. Let's regard this type as "Designed Quanta". Both "Natural Waves" and "Designed Quanta" possess exactly the same electromagnetic energies as well as the properties of Interference and propagation or transmission, which means their waveforms may be added or subtracted or suitably altered, as long as the frequency or pulses are matched or kept in phase. So our radio or TV signals, such "Designed Quanta", are transmitted far away, and may be detected, then amplified on the other side of the world by a receiver just with a battery power. The reason is that they are transmitted and carried using the medias of the "Natural Waves", which have the same frequencies and are prevalent everywhere at all times. Then on the receiving end, they would be filtered back to their designed or intended waveforms... However, it should be meaningful to note that in cosmology, which discusses large scale cosmological movements and universal structures, only "Natural Waves" need be involved and considered. It also means that much of Quantum Mechanics phenomena, which occur in laboratory electronic designs, are not necessarily implicated. Therefore in the up-coming pages, this theory will concentrate mainly on natural processes or cosmological phenomena, which make the universe what it is!
9)
At the galactic center, where all masses have been converted into energy
flux and cut into waves, the newly cut or pulsed energy waves can only be
dispatched through galactic axis, because along the spiraling galactic disc,
the moving electric charges and magnetic moments are constantly and alternatively
inducing each other at 90 degrees from each other, which take up the 2
dimensional planed of the galactic disc. The only place left for
the energy waves to escape is through the axis, which is the 3rd dimension
of the 3-dimensional space and is also the place of
least resistance.
At the same time, the dispatch of exiting radiation
waves are continuous.
This
explains why electromagnetic radiations coming out of galactic axis are made also
of continuous waves with electric and magnetic components at 90°apart.
Together these combined electromagnetic waves are perpendicular to the direction of
emission, or the exit.
Left Fig:- Imagine the 2 green discs representing the same galaxy, in the left disc E (Electric Component) is 90° from M (Magnetic Component) and together they are perpendicular to the direction of S (Speed, or exit from Galactic Axis upwards). If we now flip the galaxy disc over, while keeping the disc spinning, then the direction of S will now point downwards as seen on the right disc. Thus the radiations are emitted through the direction of galactic axis on both sides.
Left Fig:- From the above graph and understanding, the galactic axis, both upwards and downwards, being the points of least resistance, would become the only exits for the escape of the combined bi-directional electromagnetic waves.
Thus the motion or emission of galactic electromagnetic waves would retain such formation and go to fill the entire universal realm as they come from everywhere in every conceivable direction continuously. The property of Interference then allows these waves to join into non-stop chains of emissions. In other words, they move with their waveforms at 90° from each other along the galactic disc in specific frequencies, while they can only exit both sides of the galactic axis perpendicular to the galactic disc. This formation of wave motion is what we observed in nature as how electromagnetic waves propagate. It actually requires a 3-dimensional space, but the cosmic space accommodates it, because space itself is 3-dimensional. But because the whole universal realm is filled and dominated by such wave formations in transmission, they actually retain the formation as they exit from the galactic axis. So such 3-dimensional formation applies to all electromagnetic wave transmissions. The nature of electromagnetic wave transmission is such that as long as the frequency and direction of flow is fixed, the waveform can change to absorb any energy from any external interferences, because they are merely energy in pulses, or in waves, or in quanta, and not pieces of solids matters.
10) By observation, detection and deduction, it is reasonable to come to the conclusion that all galactic masses are pulled by gravitation and spiraled into the central region of galaxy, where they must be entirely converted into energies waves. Yet the galactic emissions are all nothing but electromagnetic waves. It would therefore appear that although there are 4 forces of interactions, only electromagnetic interactions can remain, both within the atom and in space. Thus the real base and root of the universe is the Siamese twin, i.e., electric charge and magnetic moment. Meanwhile, all complexities of structures in the universe and laws of nature are evolved from the simple beginning of electric and magnetic interactions. But evolution requires growth through repetitions, which means the entire experience of existence and learning is carried out through rebirth or regenerations, hence ours is a regenerating universe...
The above ten points lay down the initial conditions for quest by the Theory of Regenerating Universe, but this is only the beginning. The next page will describe in details how electromagnetic wave energies are created in the galaxies. These energies would go on to rule, expand, accelerate, even unite, evolve and regenerate the entire universe. Electromagnetism not only dominate the spatial realm, they are also the fundamental energies within each atom. In the next page we will attempt to explain in detail where and how electromagnetic waves in that vast and endless cosmic space are in fact originated and created. The rest of pages in this theory are continuations and expansion of the above points. However, because cosmology embraces all fields of cosmological phenomena and manifestations, I have included some pages and subjects relating to the metaphysical aspects of the cosmological experiences...
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